To celebrate black month history, we wanted to speak about the importance of jewellery in West Africa.
Jewellery has always played a significant role in West African culture, symbolizing power, social status, and artistic expression. From simple adornments made of shells and bones to the elaborate gold jewellery of powerful empires, this will tak you on a journey through the early evolution of jewellery in West Africa.
Early Craftsmanship and Natural Materials (Before 1000 BCE)
In West Africa, the roots of jewellery-making date back to prehistoric times when early human societies crafted ornaments from the natural materials around them. These early forms of jewellery were made from:
- Bones: carved into pendants or beads.
- Shells: often strung together as necklaces or bracelets.
- Stones: shaped into beads or amulets.
- Ivory: from elephant tusks, which was prized for its smooth texture and symbolic meaning.
The use of these materials was not only decorative but also functional and symbolic. People believed that certain materials, such as stones and animal bones, could offer protection from spiritual dangers or enhance personal power.
Rise of the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Empires
By 1000 CE, West Africa had seen the rise of several powerful kingdoms and empires, most notably the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, and the Songhai Empire. These empires were known not only for their vast wealth and territorial expansion but also for their intricate jewellery, especially the use of gold.
Gold became a central element of West African jewellery during this period. The region was rich in gold deposits, and goldsmiths were highly skilled artisans. Kings, queens, and noble families adorned themselves with lavish gold jewellery, including necklaces, rings, bracelets, and headpieces, symbolizing wealth and power.
The Influence of Trade: Trans-Saharan Routes
The wealth of the West African empires was largely fueled by the Trans-Saharan trade routes, which connected West Africa to North Africa, the Mediterranean, and beyond. Gold, salt, and other goods were exchanged across these routes, but jewellery was also a significant part of the trade.
Jewellery in the West African empires became a symbol of social status and hierarchy. The more elaborate and intricate the piece, the higher the wearer’s rank in society. Royalty and nobility wore gold not only as a show of wealth but also as a symbol of their divine connection to the gods. Chiefs and kings often adorned themselves with Gold crowns or diadems, beaded necklaces, or bangles or anklets.
From humble beginnings to the grandeur of empire, the craft of jewellery-making has always been an essential part of West African culture. Whether worn for beauty, or status, jewellery in West Africa tells a rich and varied story of human history and creativity.
Hope you have enjoyed this journey!
House Of Karafi
